sexual difference]]> gender]]> feminism]]> social movements]]> Argentina]]> diferencia sexual]]> género]]> feminismo]]> movimientos sociales]]> Argentina]]> It then analyzes some limitations of the category of gender, as well as its uses and extensions, through case studies of organizations belonging to three social movements in the country: trade unionism, human rights, and environmentalism. In general terms, an important dissemination of the category can be observed, as well as its considerable ubiquity and polysemy.
Finally, the article discusses the contributions that the category of “sexual difference” could offer for analyzing and understanding women’s actions in a complex way, especially through an approach to the dimension of the unconscious and to new epistemological proposals for thinking about feminist subjects. Nevertheless, sexual difference is not considered an alternative for replacing the category of gender, which needs to be redefined.]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> 2006-10-10]]> application/pdf]]> citizenship]]> late capitalism]]> women]]> capitalismo tardío]]> ciudadanía]]> mujeres]]> This paper seeks to establish a path capable of assuming the tensions and limits that the crisis of late capitalism imposes on women’s demands for citizenship, as they unfold in international arenas. Assuming that citizenship is understood as the “right to have rights”, the ideals of global citizenship coexist in tension with two complementary phenomena: the privatization of rights and the feminization of poverty and survival.]]> Este trabajo procura establecer un recorrido capaz de asumir las tensiones y límites que la crisis del capitalismo tardío impone a las demandas de ciudadanización de las mujeres, tal como ellas se despliegan desde los escenarios internacionales. Supuesto que la ciudadanía es entendida como el “derecho a tener derechos”, los ideales de una ciudadanía global coexisten en tensión con dos fenómenos complementarios: la privatización de los derechos y la feminización de la pobreza y la supervivencia.]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> 2006-10-10]]> application/pdf]]> immigration]]> identity]]> ethnic group]]> semiotics]]> inmigración]]> identidad]]> grupo étnico]]> semiótica]]> The research is grounded in an anthropological perspective and is methodologically based on cognitive semiotics and an approach to discourse analysis.]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> 2006-10-10]]> application/pdf]]> performance]]> Oruro dances]]> cultural field]]> identity]]> migration]]> tradition]]> actuación]]> danzas de Oruro]]> campo cultural]]> identidad]]> migración]]> tradición]]> This paper therefore analyzes the complex processes of selection, reactivation, and invention of Bolivian cultural forms in Buenos Aires, particularly these dances, as part of the dynamics of relations proper to a cultural field in which the construction of authority and power constitutes a central element.
An analysis of the performances of these dances, which form an important part of the identities that Bolivians construct in the migratory context, makes it possible to understand the changing character of all culture, thus contributing to the task of elaborating a “new” definition of the concept and creating a complex image of the “community”.
Starting from the idea that culture constitutes a disputed process of meaning construction, this paper argues that the study of the Bolivian cultural field that makes possible the practice of the dances of Oruro is a starting point for understanding other aspects of migration from Bolivia to Argentina, through the configuration of social relations that it determines.]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> 2006-10-10]]> application/pdf]]> migration theory]]> migratory networks]]> bolivian migrants]]> cultural identity]]> teoría migratoria]]> redes migratorias]]> migrantes bolivianos]]> identidad cultural]]> Sociological explanations are proposed, based on the analysis and articulation of generational, social, economic, and cultural factors, as well as the migrants’ places of origin. The analysis is based on interviews conducted during fieldwork.
This paper is part of a broader research project that examines the conditions for the reproduction of the cultural identity of Bolivian migrants residing in Lules, within the conceptual framework of a sociology of culture.]]> El trabajo forma parte de una investigación más amplia en la cual se indagan las condiciones de la reproducción de la identidad cultural de los bolivianos residentes en Lules en el marco conceptual de una sociología de la cultura.]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> 2006-10-10]]> application/pdf]]> religion]]> communication]]> identity]]> religión]]> comunicación]]> identidad]]> The message deployed by the “faith group” accounts for its practices, dispositions, and worldview within a Jujuy society that, in many cases, allows for the stratified insertion of Bolivian migrants.]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> 2006-10-10]]> application/pdf]]> folklore]]> identity]]> frontier]]> social actors]]> folclore]]> identidad]]> frontera]]> actores sociales]]> These expressive manifestations make visible the play of identities in process. They show a strong differential and self-identifying content, both in the celebrations of a locality and in the groups that interact within each celebration.
Likewise, through data obtained from interviews with the actors themselves and through observation, it is also possible to note the presence of Andean/Bolivian culture, which is assumed as a source of pride and vindication.]]> También, a través de datos obtenidos por entrevistas a los propios actores y por observación, se puede advertir, además, la presencia de la cultura andina/boliviana que se asume como una característica de orgullo y de reivindicación.]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> 2006-10-10]]> application/pdf]]> frontiers]]> identity]]> migration]]> train]]> railway]]> symbols]]> frontera]]> identidad]]> migración]]> tren]]> ferrocarril]]> símbolos]]> This paper is based on Yuri Lotman’s theoretical construct of the semiosphere in order to explain border cultures, whatever interpretation may be given to that denomination. In this sense, it seeks to show how the space of the train, used by Bolivian migrants entering Argentina through the border province of Jujuy, constitutes a symbolic space in which its different semiotic categories—core and periphery, bilingual filters, delimitation, and transition—are resemanticized within a universe endowed with its own values.
On the other hand, the paper attempts to recover these configurations in the representations of the actors through their sociocultural testimony. From these objectives emerge connotations perceived in the social discourses of those involved, such as dispossession and loss of identity, which are nothing other than the loss of space and of its ethnic configuration.]]> Este trabajo se apoya en la construcción teórica de semiósfera que postula Iuri Lotman para explicar las culturas de fronteras desde cualquier interpretación que al respecto se tenga de tal denominación. En este sentido, se pretende mostrar cómo el ámbito del espacio tren utilizado por las migraciones bolivianas que ingresaban a la Argentina por la provincia fronteriza de Jujuy constituye un espacio simbólico en el que sus diferentes categorías semióticas (núcleo y periferia, filtros bilingües, delimitación, transición) se resemantizan en un universo con valores propios. Por otro lado, se intenta rescatar sus configuraciones en las representaciones de los actores mediante su testimonio sociocultural. De estos objetivos se derivan connotaciones percibidas en los discursos sociales de los involucrados, como de despojo y de pérdida de identidad, que no es otra cosa que pérdida del espacio y de su configuración étnica.]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> 2006-10-10]]> application/pdf]]> agricultural-pastoral societies]]> risk]]> sedentism]]> lithic technology]]> sociedades agrícolas-pastoriles]]> riesgo]]> sedentarismo]]> tecnología lítica]]> The objective of this paper is to understand the variation over time in strategies for the exploitation and use of lithic resources in relation to the proposed changes in the subsistence and mobility of these societies.
We focus on the representation and frequency of different lithic resources in the tool assemblages of two sites in the microregion: Casa Chávez Montículos 1 and La Alumbrera. The former has been characterized as a Formative residential base, with occupations between ca. 2400 and 1300 years BP (Olivera, 1992). The latter is a large settlement assigned to the Late and Inka periods, after ca. 1000 years BP (Olivera, 1991).
The results obtained allowed an initial testing of our hypotheses. The tool assemblage from La Alumbrera differs from that of Casa Chávez Montículos 1 in the predominance of “very immediate” lithic resources and in the lower frequency of representation of those resources whose sources are located in high-altitude ravines.]]> Este trabajo tiene como objetivo comprender la variación a lo largo del tiempo de las estrategias de aprovechamiento y uso de los recursos líticos en función de los cambios formulados en la subsistencia y movilidad de estas sociedades.
Nos centramos en la representación y frecuencia de distintos recursos líticos en los conjuntos instrumentales de dos sitios de la microregión: Casa Chávez Montículos 1 y La Alumbrera. El primero ha sido caracterizado como base residencial formativa, con ocupaciones entre ca. 2400 y 1300 años AP (Olivera, 1992). El segundo constituye un gran asentamiento, asignado a los períodos Tardío e Inka, luego de ca. 1000 años AP (Olivera, 1991).
Los resultados obtenidos nos permitieron la contrastación inicial de nuestras hipótesis. El conjunto instrumental de La Alumbrera se diferencia del de Casa Chávez Montículos 1 por el predominio de recursos líticos ‘muy inmediatos’ y la menor frecuencia de representación de aquellos cuyas fuentes se encuentran en las quebradas de altura.]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> 2007-07-09]]> application/pdf]]> archaeology]]> regional developments]]> landscape]]> settlement system]]> Sierra del Chañi]]> arqueología]]> desarrollos regionales]]> paisaje]]> sistema de asentamiento]]> Sierra del Chañi]]> On the basis of previous studies and the information generated by these investigations, we describe the surface archaeological record identified for the period under consideration. The indicators examined include location, size, construction characteristics, site placement, associated items, and the probable chronology of the sites.
The occupation model for the Regional Developments period in both quebradas (Boman, 1908; Von Rosen, 1957; Cigliano, 1973; Cigliano and Raffino, 1977; Raffino, 1988) had been interpreted in terms of homogeneous patterns. Although this settlement system shows some common elements, such as altitudinal, topographic, and ecological location, only some constructional and architectural complexes correspond to the semi-conglomerate type of associated enclosures.
Within the settlements, differential formal modalities are recorded, revealing heterogeneity. The formal diversity of the settlements indicates the presence of multicomponent sites.]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> 2007-07-09]]> application/pdf]]> bioarcheology]]> Formative period]]> San Francisco River Valley]]> Yungas of Jujuy]]> bioarqueología]]> Formativo]]> valle del río San Francisco]]> Yungas jujeñas]]> The remains come from the sites of Aguas Negras, Media Luna, Arroyo del Medio, Fraile Pintado, and El Sunchal, all of them assigned to the Formative period of the region (800 B.C.–A.D. 400). The characteristics of this material are presented and, on the basis of the analyses carried out, the scope and limitations of this type of study are discussed, mainly due to preservation conditions in subtropical environments.]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> 2007-07-09]]> application/pdf]]> adiposity]]> dimorphism]]> ethnic differentiation]]> Toba]]> Wichi]]> adiposidad]]> diferenciación étnica]]> dimorfismo]]> Toba]]> Wichi]]> This paper explores age-related changes in adiposity among the Toba and Wichi in order to understand the possible adaptive bases of the growth pattern. The somatological variables used were arm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness. From these, total arm area (TA), arm muscle area (MA), and arm fat area (FA) were calculated. Individual data were grouped by age and sex; arithmetic means and standard deviations were obtained for each variable.
Sexual differences were observed in all variables. In TA, girls showed higher values than boys. In MA, girls showed higher values among the Toba, whereas boys showed higher values among the Wichi. Female FA was greater in both ethnic groups. Therefore, females in both groups presented greater TA because they had a greater amount of adipose tissue.
With regard to ethnic differences, the Toba showed higher values for TA and MA than the Wichi, while the Wichi showed higher values for FA, with a similar contribution by sex. Since both groups inhabit a similar environment, the differences found make it possible to infer, on the one hand, better dietary quality among the Toba and, on the other, to corroborate ancestry differences already noted by other authors.]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> 2007-07-09]]> application/pdf]]> Argentinian northwest]]> birthweight]]> geographic altitude]]> altitud geográfica]]> noroeste argentino]]> peso de nacimiento]]> Northwestern Argentina is made up of five provinces whose populations occupy areas with varying geographic altitudes. Among them, the province of Catamarca presents a great diversity of environments and populated areas, ranging from 500 to 3,400 meters above sea level. Slightly more than 7% of births occur in areas located at altitudes above 1,500 meters.
In order to determine variations in birth weight according to geographic altitude in the province of Catamarca, births occurring between 1994 and 2003 were analyzed using vital statistics from the Dirección Provincial de Estadística y Censos. Measures of central tendency and dispersion of birth weight were obtained according to gestational age and sex. The proportions of normal birth weight (NBW), low birth weight (LBW), and very low birth weight (VLBW) were calculated by region. Comparisons between sexes and regions were established through analysis of variance. Statistically significant interregional differences and a negative correlation with altitude were found.]]> Con el objeto de determinar las variaciones del peso de nacimiento en función de la altura geográfica en la provincia de Catamarca, se llevó a cabo el análisis de los nacimientos ocurridos entre 1994 y 2003, para lo cual se utilizaron las estadísticas vitales de la Dirección Provincial de Estadística y Censos. Se obtuvieron los valores de tendencia central y dispersión del peso de nacimiento, en función de la edad gestacional y sexo. Fueron calculadas las proporciones de peso normal (PNN), bajo peso (BPN) y muy bajo peso (MBPN) por regiones. Las comparaciones intersexuales e interregionales fueron establecidas a través de análisis de la varianza. Se obtuvieron diferencias interregionales estadísticamente significativas y correlación negativa con la altitud.]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> 2007-07-09]]> application/pdf]]> Formative period]]> interaction]]> North Western Argentina]]> Formativo]]> interacción]]> Noroeste Argentino]]> Based on the archaeological work currently being carried out at the Formative site of Cardonal, in the Cajón Valley, Catamarca, and on the preliminary analysis of the materials recovered there, this paper raises questions about certain cultural classifications traditionally maintained in our discipline. These classifications promote the perception of marked differences in cultural traits alongside the existence of geographical discontinuities.]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> 2007-07-09]]> application/pdf]]> pastoralism]]> llama types]]> herd management]]> ethnoarchaeology]]> Puna of Jujuy]]> pastoralismo]]> tipos de llama]]> manejo]]> etnoarqueología]]> Puna de Jujuy]]> This reduction hinders the understanding of other factors involved in the formation of the material record associated with pastoral activities, especially if we consider that each specialized llama has a particular form of management within each productive unit.
In this sense, it is necessary to take into account that the production of services, such as transport, and wool, for textiles, influences the material record in the same way as meat production.
The elements selected in this paper are resources, including environment and herd, productive specialization, based on the analysis of animal fibers, the productive spaces used, and the settlement pattern.
Among the factors involved in the variability of the record, we consider those that produce phenotypic variability: environmental factors, factors internal to the animal, and the type of economic specialization. With regard to settlement, we consider mobility associated with the availability of pastures and water, as well as mobility associated with productive diversification.
The information comes from four localities in the province of Jujuy, Argentina—Susques, Rachaite, Timón Cruz, and Pozuelos—which present different pastoral strategies.]]> Esta reducción dificulta la comprensión de otros factores involucrados en la formación del registro material asociado a las actividades pastoriles, si consideramos que cada llama especializada tiene un manejo particular en cada unidad productiva.
En este sentido, debemos tener en cuenta que la producción de servicios (transporte) y lana (textiles) influye en el registro material del mismo modo que la producción de carne.
Los elementos seleccionados en este trabajo son los recursos (ambiente y rebaño), la especialización productiva (a partir del análisis de fibras animales), los espacios productivos utilizados y el patrón de asentamiento.
Entre los factores involucrados en la variabilidad del registro, consideramos aquellos que producen variabilidad fenotípica: ambientales, internos al animal y tipo de especialización económica; y en el asentamiento: movilidad asociada a la disponibilidad de pasturas y agua, y la asociada a la diversificación productiva.
La información proviene de cuatro localidades de la provincia de Jujuy (Susques, Rachaite, Timón Cruz y Pozuelos) con diferentes estrategias pastoriles.]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> Cuadernos FHyCS-UNJu]]> 2007-07-09]]> application/pdf]]>