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The Learned and the Popular: Learned Medicine and Traditional Medicine. Toward a Unified Practice of Medical Knowledge
Dublin Core
Título
The Learned and the Popular: Learned Medicine and Traditional Medicine. Toward a Unified Practice of Medical Knowledge
Lo culto y lo popular. Medicina letrada/medicina tradicional. Hacía una práctica unificada de los conocimientos médicos.
Materia
Descripción
The objective of this paper is to discuss the processes of integration between learned knowledge and popular knowledge. The analysis begins with an empirical example that reveals the apparent antagonism between “traditional medicine” and “academic medicine”.
In the province of Jujuy, a folk culture still persists in which popular medicine is considered one of the purest expressions of the cultural milieu. As a result, the population seeks alternative ways of addressing health care needs: inhabitants may consult either a “physician” or a “healer”, depending on how they perceive the signs and symptoms of illness.
The resulting syncretism has produced a mixed model of medical services. However, this popular knowledge is regarded by the academic medical system as strange, magical, mythical, and even exotic. For learned medicine, such knowledge would constitute a kind of “illegitimate practice”, and it is within this illegitimacy that the popular is framed.
In a broader sense, the hegemonic model prioritizes the biological dimension, but does not eliminate the social dimension; rather, it subordinates and restructures it according to its own theoretical and operational priorities, reducing it to one factor among others. In this way, a dichotomous and oppositional view between both medical systems prevails: the scientific and official is opposed to the traditional or illegitimate.
This has allowed the expansion of hegemonic medical practices over communities to lead to the transformation, displacement, and, in some cases, even the elimination of this popular knowledge.
In the province of Jujuy, a folk culture still persists in which popular medicine is considered one of the purest expressions of the cultural milieu. As a result, the population seeks alternative ways of addressing health care needs: inhabitants may consult either a “physician” or a “healer”, depending on how they perceive the signs and symptoms of illness.
The resulting syncretism has produced a mixed model of medical services. However, this popular knowledge is regarded by the academic medical system as strange, magical, mythical, and even exotic. For learned medicine, such knowledge would constitute a kind of “illegitimate practice”, and it is within this illegitimacy that the popular is framed.
In a broader sense, the hegemonic model prioritizes the biological dimension, but does not eliminate the social dimension; rather, it subordinates and restructures it according to its own theoretical and operational priorities, reducing it to one factor among others. In this way, a dichotomous and oppositional view between both medical systems prevails: the scientific and official is opposed to the traditional or illegitimate.
This has allowed the expansion of hegemonic medical practices over communities to lead to the transformation, displacement, and, in some cases, even the elimination of this popular knowledge.
Debatir acerca de los procesos de integración del saber letrado con los conocimientos populares será el objetivo del presente trabajo. Se parte del análisis de un ejemplo empírico que marca el aparente antagonismo existente entre “medicina tradicional” y “medicina académica”. En la provincia de Jujuy aún perdura una cultura folk donde la medicina popular es considerada como la expresión más pura del medio cultural, por lo que se produce en la población una búsqueda alternativa a la cobertura de su salud: los habitantes concurren indistintamente al “médico” o al “curandero” de acuerdo a la percepción de los signos y síntomas que estos tengan de la enfermedad. Este sincretismo resultante produjo un modelo mixto de servicios médicos; sin embargo, este saber popular es considerado por el sistema médico académico como lo raro, lo mágico, lo mítico y hasta lo exótico. Para la medicina letrada, estos saberes constituirían una suerte de “prácticas ilegítimas”, siendo esta ilegitimidad en donde se encuadraría lo popular. En un sentido más amplio, el modelo hegemónico prioriza la dimensión biológica, pero no elimina lo social; por lo contrario, lo subordina y reestructura de acuerdo a sus prioridades teórico-operativas, reduciéndolo a un factor más. De este modo predomina una visión dicotómica y de oposición entre ambos sistemas médicos: lo científico y oficial se contrapone a lo tradicional o ilegítimo. Esto permitió que la expansión de las prácticas médicas hegemónicas sobre las comunidades condujera a la transformación, el desplazamiento e inclusive, en algunos casos, la eliminación de estos saberes populares.
Autor
Bejarano, Ignacio
Fecha
Derechos
Derechos de autor 2004 Cuadernos de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Relación
https://revistas.fhycs.unju.edu.ar/revistacuadernos/index.php/cuadernos/article/view/803/pdf
Formato
Idioma
spa
Tipo
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Identificador
https://revistas.fhycs.unju.edu.ar/revistacuadernos/index.php/cuadernos/article/view/803
Colección
Citación
Bejarano, Ignacio, “The Learned and the Popular: Learned Medicine and Traditional Medicine. Toward a Unified Practice of Medical Knowledge,” Repositorio - FHyCS - UNJu, consulta 22 de octubre de 2026, https://investigacion.fhycs.unju.edu.ar/repositorio-tesis/items/show/1020.
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